The idea of "developmental tasks" is
appropriately credited to Robert Havighurst who stated that the concept was developed in the
1930s and
40s by Frank, Zachry, Prescott, and Tyron.
He further stated, “The developmental-task concept occupies a middle ground between
two opposing
theories of education: the theory of freedom — that the child will develop best if left as free as
possible; and the theory of constraint — that the child must learn to become a worthy,
responsible adult through
restraints imposed by his society [inculcation]. A developmental task is midway between an individual need and a
societal demand. It assumes
an active learner interacting with an
active social environment.” Tasks for three of the developmental stages are
presented on the next three slides.
Drawn from the description of Havighurst’s
book in Developmental Advising: Annotated Bibliography for Research Published
Prior to 1999, an annotated
bibliography compiled by G. Steele and Melinda McDonald
for the NACADA Journal. Retrieved from http://www.nacada.ksu.edu/Journal/developmental.htm
The book is Havighurst, R. J. (1972). Developmental
tasks and education. New
York: David McCay.
Robert
Havighurst’s “Developmental Task Theory”
He
also introduced the concepts of “teachable moment,” “authoritarian
conscience,” and “rational conscience,” concepts similar to those
of Piaget.
Slide arranged by Dr.
Gordon Vessels 2005